Salpingitis is a common reproductive condition affecting both backyard and commercial laying hens. It refers to inflammation of the oviduct, most often caused by bacterial infection. Common pathogens include
Escherichia coli,
Salmonella spp,
Mycoplasma gallisepticum,
Pasteurella multocida and
Gallibacterium anatis.
Infection typically occurs when bacteria migrate from other parts of the body into the oviduct. The hormonal activity associated with egg production, particularly estrogen, can facilitate the movement of pathogens from the cloaca into the reproductive tract. Hens with a history of vent trauma, cloacal prolapse, or vent infections are at increased risk. Poor hygiene, such as dirty nest box liners, can also predispose hens to infection.
If left untreated, salpingitis can lead to serious complications including oviduct impaction, ectopic egg formation, egg yolk peritonitis, septicemia, and death.
Clinical Signs of Salpingitis in Hens
Common signs include:
- Cessation of egg laying
- Abnormal eggs (lash eggs, shell-less, thin-shelled, misshapen, or ruptured)
- Lethargy and depression
- Enlarged abdomen (due to fluid accumulation, caseous material, or ectopic eggs).
- Difficulty breathing
- Poor body condition despite apparent weight gain
- Feces- and urate-soiled feathers below the vent (“pasty butt”)
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a combination of:
- History and clinical signs
- Physical examination
- Imaging (ultrasound, radiographs)
- Laboratory testing (cytology, CBC, blood chemistry)
- Advanced procedures (endoscopy or coeliotomy, if needed)
