Anemia is a serious blood condition that occurs when a chicken doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells (erythrocytes). This can be the result of blood loss, inadequate production of erythrocytes, or high bilirubin levels in the blood. Anemia is diagnosed through evaluation of blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit/packed cell volume (PCV).
Anemia is classified as regenerative or nonregenerative.
Regenerative anemia
Regenerative anemia is the result of blood loss (hemorrhage) or decreased production of red blood cells (hemolysis).
- Hemorrhage:
Blood loss can be internal or external. Common causes include trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding (roundworms, tapeworms, ulcers, cocci), ectoparasites (mites, ticks, fleas), cloacal prolapse, and during surgery. Ingestion of toxins (mycotoxins, rodenticides) can result in secondary coagulopathies. - Hemolysis: Hemolytic anemia can be caused by ingestion of lead, crude oil, or blood parasites (Plasmodium, Aegyptianella, Haemoproteus, or Leucocytozoon spp).
Nonregenerative anemia
Nonregenerative anemia is the result of chronic inflammation resulting from infections (bacterial, viral, fungal), poisoning, tumors, renal disease, and folic acid deficiency.
Treatment for Anemia
Treatment for anemia in chickens involves supportive care while identifying and correcting the underlying cause. Administering fluids can help restore circulating blood volume to improve delivery of oxygen. A blood transfusion may be necessary in patients with severe anemia.
